OWASP A04: Cryptographic Failures Guide 2025

🛡️ OWASP Top 10 2025 Series Complete guides to modern web application security vulnerabilities 📚 Complete Guide OWASP Top 10 2025: Complete Developer Guide Comprehensive overview of all vulnerabilities, rankings, and modern threat landscape 🎯 Individual Vulnerability Guides A01: Broken Access Control Includes SSRF A02: Security Misconfiguration Jumped to #2 A03: Software Supply Chain Failures New in 2025 A04: Cryptographic Failures A05: Injection A06: Vulnerable Components Coming Next A07: Authentication Failures Coming Soon A08: Integrity Failures Coming Soon A09: Logging & Monitoring Coming Soon A10: Exception Handling Coming Soon 👨‍💻 Written by Carl Sampson • Security researcher with 15+ years experience • OWASP Indianapolis Chapter founder ...

June 30, 2026 Â· Carl Sampson

Don't Trust JWT Headers: Algorithm Confusion Attacks Explained

I keep encountering this JWT vulnerability in Python codebases, and it’s particularly concerning because it’s so easily overlooked. Developers implement what appears to be proper JWT authentication—they validate signatures, check expiration, handle all the edge cases. But there’s one subtle mistake that can completely undermine the entire security model. The issue is trusting the JWT’s own header to determine how to verify it. This is similar to asking someone to specify which method you should use to verify their identity. ...

May 27, 2026 Â· Carl Sampson